.
Commemorating Independence Day, The Fourth of July 2024
America's 248th Birthday
.
The celebration of the national holiday of the 4th of July has many features of Carnival. As stated on a typical Federal Holiday website: "Independence Day is commonly associated with barbecues, picnics, concerts, carnivals, parades, and fireworks." Therefore, this musical essay series for Independence Day logically follows the previous musical essay series "May Day Carnivalesque" in the sense of (a) continuing the theme of "carnivalesque" carnival of festivities, (b) popular culture's potential for social change, and (c) sharing the revolutionary theme of the "world turned upside down."
Actually, the previous two series of musical essays, "Beltane/May Day" (with its emphasis on how the premodern public festivals for May Day "misrule" increasingly, through rituals of "social inversion" of hierarchies, took on a political edge, leading to instances of popular insurrection) and "May Day Carnivalesque," served as appropriate lead-ins to this current "Independence Day" musical essay series, with its theme of "Total Revolution." Thus, the following important statement from the previous "May Day Carnivalesque" musical essays will find its way into this current musical essay series for Independence Day: "The popularity of the term carnivalesque and its approach to carnival owes much to the influence of Bakhtin, whose exuberant descriptions of the festive life of the Middle Ages--"carnivalesque"--have led scholars to explore how popular culture might work as a force for political change."
"In fireworks are released, all the explosive pyrotechnics of a dream. The inflammable desires, dampened by day under the cold water of consciousness, are ignited at night by the libertarian matches of sleep, and burst fourth in showers of shimmering incandescence. These imaginary displays provide a temporary relief." —Kenneth Anger
The Bruce Springsteen song, “4th Of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)," is not only appropriate here but also harks back to the GS' previous musical essay series, "May Day Carnivalesque," about carnival and carnivalesque. (There is a premodern notion about the significance of Carnival—that life is one long carnival. As the popular rock song goes: "Life is a carnival.")
.
.
.
click on meme to access the "May Day Carnivalesque" webpage.
.
.
The question behind the "Independence Day" Orphic Essay-with-Soundtrack:
WHAT IS AMERICA?
America has been described as a "democratic experiment." Some astute observers of our nation have ventured to describe America as an "idea," a "conversation," and a "dream."
("I would like to discuss some of the problems that we confront in the world today, and some of the problems that we confront in our own nation by using as a subject The American Dream. I choose this subject because America is essentially a dream. It is a dream of a land where men of all races, of all nationalities, and of all creeds, can live together as brothers. The substance of the dream is expressed in these sublime words, “We hold these truths to be self- evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." ~ Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., "'The American Dream' July 4th Speech," Lincoln University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 4, 1965.)
However, the GS likes to conceive of America as a "tune." To read some visionary quotations about what America really is, click on link below.
.jpg)
.
.
Thematic Images of the Imagination of America,
from 16th to the 19th Centuries
.png)
"America" (The Four Continents series, Zucchi 1777)
.jpg)
Four Parts of the World series - America (Giordano, 17th c.)
.jpg)
"Africa and America" (The Four Continents series, Hinton 1808)
The Personification of the American Continent (Giovanni Tiepolo, ca. 1752)
.jpg)
Miss America - Four Continents (Monkman, 2012)
Thematic Images of America as American and African Amerindians
Thematic Images of America as "Indian Princess" & the "Goddess Columbia"
Goddess Columbia with Phrygian Liberty Cap and flag
Goddess Columbia with Phrygian Liberty Cap and flag
.png)
Amérique as Indian princess (terracotta ca. 1840)
.jpg)
Columbia and Indian Princess (fresco in U.S. Capitol, Brumidi 1855)
Goddess of America Allegories
.jpg)
.
.jpg)
(2) "The Commissioners"
(1) "The Female Combatants, or Who Shall"
.jpg)
(3) The Tea Tax Tempest, or the Anglo-American Revolution
.jpg)
(4) America [Minerva] Triumphant and Britannia in Distress
.jpg)
(5) Liberty Triumphant or the Downfall of Oppression
.jpg)
(6) The Goddess Liberty holding a portrait of Jefferson
.jpg)
(7) America Guided By Wisdom
(8) America! with Peace and Freedom Blest
.jpg)
(9) Columbia Teaching John Bull his new Lesson
.jpg)
(10) The outbreak of the rebellion in the United States 1861
.jpg)
(12) France offering liberty to America
(11) America. To Those, who wish to Sheathe the Desolating Sword of War. And, to Restore the Blessings of Peace and Amity, to a divided People
.png)
.jpg)
(14) Triumph of Liberty. Dedicated to its defenders in America
(13) The Works of Minerva
(15) Study For Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences, or The Genius of America Encouraging the Emancipation of the Blacks
.jpg)
(16) Shall I trust these men, and not this man?
Allegories of America and Britain
Allegories of America
.jpg)
Allegory of America (Tammaso de Vivo, 19th c.)
.jpg)
The Uprising of the North (Thomas Nast, c. 1867)
Mounted knights salute Columbia. In the distance, the American continent is alight with beacon fires, and in the sky the Capitol radiates light.
.
Thematic Images of the Goddess of Liberty: Libertas or Lady Liberty (with Phrygian Cap)
.jpg)
Liberty Leading the People (French Revolution, Delacroix 1798)
Phrygian Savior God Attis with Phrygian Cap
.jpg)
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death to Tyrants
- Long live the Peoples (Alsace 1792). Lady Liberty with Liberty Pole and Phrygian Cap
.
In a chariot of light from the regions of the day,
The Goddess of Liberty came,
Ten thousand celestials directed her way,
And hither conducted the dame...
~ Thomas Paine, “The Liberty Tree”
Ralph Waldo Emerson writes in his journals about the “Spirit of America" in almost archetypal terms: “a living soul, which doth exist somewhere beyond the Fancy, to whom the Divinity hath assigned the care of this bright corner of the Universe.” Although he does not name this female divinity, he’s probably referring to the goddess Columbia/Liberty, who was popular in the 19th-century as America’s newly emergent protectress of Liberty and Peace.
.
Thematic Images of the Goddess Minerva as America & the Statue of Freedom
.png)
%202.png)
.png)
Statue of Freedom, the bronze statue atop the U.S. Capitol dome in Washington, D.C. (Crawford and Mills 1855-1863). It was based upon the well-known iconography of “Libertas” first codified in 18th-century emblem books. During the French and American Revolutions, “Libertas” symbolized freedom from tyranny, as is evident in the Paul Revere masthead for the Massachusetts Spy in 1781. Images below are of the goddess Minerva and the Statue of Freedom modeled upon her.
.
Thematic Images of the Goddess of Liberty & Statue of Liberty
.
.jpg)
Since her arm out of the dust has raised me
Beats my heart so boldly and serene;
And my cheek still tingles with her kisses,
Flushed and glowing where her lips have been.
Every word she utters, by her magic
Rises new-created, without flaw;
Harken to the tidings of my goddess,
Harken to the Sovereign, and adore!
~ Holderlin, “Hymn To Liberty”
It's coming from the women and the men
O baby, we'll be making love again
We'll be going down so deep
The river's going to weep
And the mountain's going to shout Amen!
It's coming like the tidal flood
Beneath the lunar sway
Imperial, mysterious
In amorous array
Democracy is coming to the U.S.A.
~ Leonard Cohen, “Democracy”
.
Thematic Images of the Angel of Liberty
.
Thematic Images of the Goddess of Democracy
.
Thematic Images of Liberty Pole, Tree, & Cap
.jpg)
Painting on the left: "Raising the Liberty Pole 1776" (An engraving of 1875 by J C McRae after a painting by F A Charman). Painting on the right: "Raising the Maypole" (Frederick Goodall, 1855). The similarity between these two paintings attests to the Gypsy Scholar's theory that the premodern maypole morphed into the 18th-century liberty pole because of the increasing politicalization of the May Day festivities of "misrule" and "turning the world upside down" by the common people, which often lead to instances of popular insurrection against the church and state.
.
Thematic Images of Lady Columbia & Lady Liberty with U. S. Presidents
.
.
Thematic Images of the Goddess of Liberty and Minerva on the Great Seals of America
.jpg)
Arms of the United States of America (Baker, 1864)
.jpg)
The Goddess Minerva on the Great Seal of California (1857)
.
Thematic Images of Goddess of Liberty Coins and Medals
.
.
Thematic Images (Memes) for Democracy and Nature
%20meme.jpg)
.
It has been documented that 19th-century American Romantic landscape painting, by way of the New York Hudson River School, influenced the French Romantic Alexis de Tocqueville's imagination of America and its democracy, since the Hudson River School (dated from the 1820s, five years before Tocqueville arrived in the United States and ten years before his Democracy in America was published) had come into being to great critical and popular acclaim. The school had started with the Hudson River region in New York, but eventually extended in time and space all the way to California and the 1870s. The time period in which the school's artists were active was a time of momentous social, political, and economic change in American history, and the work of the Hudson River School artists represents part of the process of the national self-conceptualization taking place in those years. It is for this reason that the landscape paintings of the Hudson River School lay claim to an important place in American art history and in the American cultural consciousness. These visionary landscapes, then, represent the undeniable place that Nature has and continues to occupy in the American imagination and its ongoing re-visioning of the country's socio-political institutions.
Therefore, this information substantiates the GS's argument about the vital interrelationship between art and politics--between poetry and politics--in the Romantic Movement (e.g., Schiller and Blake and the new conceptions of "beauty and the sublime"); namely, that the "Romantic Total Revolution" aestheticized politics and politicized art, and thus constructed a political ideology/theory that offered a different--a more essential and a more comprehensive --course of change than the strictly "political" French Revolution, which failed to bring about the liberation it promised.
.
%20meme.jpg)
.
.
Thematic Images for The Revolutionary War
& "The World Turned Upside Down"
.
%20and%20World%20Turned%20upside%20Down.jpg)
.
The British defeat by the American revolutionary army at the Battle of Yorktown caused Lord Cornwallis to surrender to General Washington on October 17, 1781, which marked the end of the Revolutionary War. As the famous story goes, the British army band supposedly played the tune "The World Turned Upside Down" (the popular song from the 17th-century English Revolution).
Therefore, this means the perfect connection between the GS's previous musical essay series, "Carnivalesque: The World Turned Upside Down," and the present "Independence Day" series. To visit the "World Turned Upside Down" section of the "May Day Carnivalesque" webpage, click the link below.
.
.
.
Thematic Images for George Washington's
Angelic Vision of America's Destiny
Anthony Sherman, an officer in George Washington’s army at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777, gives a verbatim account of General Washington relating a story of an angel who had revealed a prophetic vision of America to him. (It ends with the following words: “Such, my friends,” concluded the venerable narrator, “were the words I heard from Washington’s own lips, and America will do well to profit by them.” It is dated July 4, 1859, in Independence Square, and was originally published by Wesley Bradshaw in the National Review, Vol. 4, No. 12, December 1880. (This may or may not be a true story.)
.
.
Gypsy Scholar's Imagi-Nation Totem American Flag
.
.
Thematic Images for William Blake's Prophecy for America: "The Angelic Land"
Blake's America, A Prophecy (1793)
America as Indian warrior
.jpg)
Plate 3
Preludium
The shadowy Daughter of Urthona stood before red Orc,
When fourteen suns had faintly journey’d o’er his dark abode:
His food she brought in iron baskets, his drink in cups of iron.
Crown’d with a helmet and dark hair the nameless Female stood;
A quiver with its burning stores, a bow like that of night ....
A Prophecy
The Guardian Prince of Albion burns in his nightly tent,
Sullen fires across the Atlantic glow to America's shore:
Piercing the souls of warlike men, who rise in silent night,
Washington, Franklin, Paine & Warren, Gates, Hancock & Green;
Meet on the coast glowing with blood from Albion's fiery Prince.
Washington spoke; “Friends of America look over the Atlantic sea;
“A bended bow is lifted in heaven, & a heavy iron chain
“Descends link by link from Albions cliffs across the sea to bind
“Brothers & sons of America, till our faces pale and yellow;
“Heads deprest, voices weak, eyes downcast, hands work-bruis'd,
“Feet bleeding on the sultry sands, and the furrows of the whip
“Descend to generations that in future times forget.”
The strong voice ceas’d; for a terrible blast swept over the heaving sea:
The eastern cloud rent: on his cliffs stood Albion’s wrathful Prince,
A dragon form, clashing his scales: at midnight he arose,
And flam’d red meteors round the land of Albion beneath;
His voice, his locks, his awful shoulders, and his glowing eyes
Appear to the Americans upon the cloudy night....
And so the Princes fade from earth, scare seen by souls of men
But tho’ obscur’d, this is the form of the Angelic land. [Fragment]
~ William Blake, America, A Prophecy
_________________________
"America is the continent of the West, and as such represents the Body and its five senses, especially sex.... Historically, America, the birthplace of Orc (Revolution), represents the Liberty of the Body." (S. Foster Damon, A Blake Dictionary) This must be why Leonard Cohen sings that when "democracy" comes to the USA, it will come in "amorous array." So, again, the GS longs for "Romantic Total Revolution," which is essentially an eroto-political revolution.
"Europe, Africa & America" (Blake 1796)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.
"A Song Of Liberty"
(pl. 25 and 27, ca. 1792)
1. THE ETERNAL FEMALE groan’d! It was heard over all the Earth.
2. Albion’s coast is sick, silent. The American meadows faint!
3. Shadows of Prophecy shiver along by the lakes and the rivers, and mutter across the ocean. France, rend down thy dungeon! ....
19. Where the son of fire in his eastern cloud, while the morning plumes her golden breast,
20. Spurning the clouds written with curses, stamps the stony law to dust, loosing the eternal horses from the dens of night, crying: Empire is no more! and now the lion and wolf shall cease.
CHORUS
Let the Priests of the Raven of dawn no longer, in deadly black, with hoarse note curse the sons of joy! Nor his accepted brethren—whom, tyrant, he calls free—lay the bound or build the roof! Nor pale Religion’s lechery call that Virginity that wishes but acts not!
For every thing that lives is Holy!
_______________________
For Blake, the outbreak of the American Revolution is symbolized in "A Song of Liberty." The American Revolution is the hope of the world and a new dawn; a sign of apocalyptic change when "Empire is no more! and now the lion and wolf shall cease."
.
.png)
"The Dance of Albion" or "The Glad Day"
This color engraving (ca. 1793) of the dancing youth Albion ("Eternal Man" or "Fallen Man") symbolizes not only "politically awakened England" but also "spiritual rebirth."
.
.
William Blake & Friedrich Schiller: Poet-Comrades In Arms
.
"Thus Arm in Arm with thee I dare defy my century into the lists." ~Friedrich Schiller
William Blake (11/28/1757 - 8/12/1827) in England and Friedrich Schiller 11/10/ 1759 - 5/9/1805) in Germany were contemporaries and had a common vision of the fundamental role of "Art" in society and its revolutionary potential for human emancipation.
.
.
Ralph Waldo Emerson & Walt Whitman: American Romantic visionaries of democracy, with their imaginal 19th-century "Party of Idealists," which in the 1960s became the imaginal "Party of Eros."
.
“No one,” Emerson wrote in 1840, “can converse much with the different classes of society in New England without remarking the process of revolution” even as “the spirit of the time is felt by every individual with some difference." Prof. Cornel West has depicted Emerson as founding a radically new philosophical tradition that “evades” all strains of antebellum philosophy. Lawrence Buell, one of Emerson's most influential interpreters, has argued for the transnational revolutionist as the crucial framework in which Emerson's genius can be most fully appreciated: “Emerson is almost always at his most interesting when striving to free his mind from parochial entanglements of whatever sort.”
Walt Whitman, “The Poet of Democracy,” proclaimed the following about the United States and Americans in his book, Democratic Vistas (1971): “Americans of all nations at any time upon the earth have probably the fullest poetical nature. The United States themselves are essentially the greatest poem. . . . Here is not merely a nation but a teeming nation of nations. Here is action untied from strings necessarily blind to particulars and details magnificently moving in vast masses. . . . Other states indicate themselves in their deputies . . . but the genius of the United States is not best or most in its executives or legislatures, nor in its ambassadors or authors or colleges or churches or parlors, nor even in its newspapers or inventors . . . but always most in the common people.”
In Whitman's short poem, “America” (1812), he reasserts the democratic poet’s faith in the destiny of the American nation, demonstrates his love of the masses, his devotion to democracy, and his belief that in responding to the call of a democratic process, America is fulfilling a spiritual need of her people.
Centre of equal daughters, equal sons,
All, all alike endear’d, grown, ungrown, young or old,
Strong, ample, fair, enduring, capable, rich,
Perennial with the Earth, with Freedom, Law and Love,
A grand, sane, towering, seated Mother,
Chair’d in the adamant of Time.
For Whitman, America was destined to be a towering and eternal exemplum built on the radical principles of individual freedom, universal equality, the rule of law, and the generous cooperation of community.
Thematic Images for 1960s "Second American Revolution" & Romantic "Total Revolution"
.jpg)
The Second American Revolution
Successive waves of radical descent — from the nineteenth-century abolitionist movement to the popular uprisings of the Progressive Era to the labor militancy of the 1930s to the sweeping social and cultural transformation of the 1960s and ‘70s that we are calling the second American Revolution — would keep the unfinished work of US democracy alive….
The civil rights movement — which won its greatest victories in the first half of the 1960s — ignited the second American Revolution. Inspired by civil rights and Black Power activism, a string of other liberation movements caught flame that decade and the next – including the Vietnam antiwar struggle, the United Farm Workers union, the American Indian Movement, women's liberation, and the gay and lesbian uprising. Together these upheavals — which were often linked by mutually supportive activists and shared goals — forged the nation’s most daring interpretation of freedom and justice since the first American Revolution.
This second revolution forced the country to change its assumptions about race, war and peace, gender, sexual orientation, reproductive rights, labor justice, consumer responsibility, and environmental protection. Almost all these movements grounded their claims at one time or another in the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness — compelling America to be true to its stated ideals in the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights.
~David and Margaret Talbot (2021)
.
.
The Counterculture as Sixties Carnivalesque Revolution
.
.
The Sixties Counterculture Revolution of Poetry & Art
.
"The Arts and Sciences [of the Imagination] are the destruction of tyrannies or bad governments .… Empire follows art and not vice versa as English men suppose."
~William Blake
The background for meme is a painting called "The Protests"
.
The Sixties Anarchist Revolution
.
"Misrule" is the byword for the medieval and premodern festivals of Carnivalesque "turning the world upside down"
.
The Sixties Culture Heroes of "Total Revolution"
.
Orpheus (along with Dionysus, & Narcissus) are, according to neo-Marxist political theorist Herbert Marcuse, the new culture-heroes of the 1960s revolution. This adds to the Romantic vision of "total revolution." Marcuse holds that these mythological culture heroes that replace the old values based upon the "reality principle" with the alternative, repressed values of the "pleasure principle" —play, enjoyment, sensuousness, beauty, contemplation, and spiritual liberation. "Thus, argues Marcuse, the alternate interpretation is that the Orphic and Narcissistic Eros reveal a new reality, with an order of its own, governed by different principles. The Orphic Eros transforms being: he masters cruelty and death through liberation. His language is song, and his work is play. Narcissus’ life is that of beauty, and his existence is contemplation."
.
Orpheus
.
Thematic Memes for "Democracy"
.
The United States of Poetry, PBS TV series “The American Dream,” with Leonard Cohen’s recitation of “Democracy.”
.
.
.
"Villanelle for Our Time" was played in my first musical essay for Independence Day, after which I discovered an essay devoted to reflections on it.
"Last week, I listened to a 2004 Cohen recording on which he provided music for a poem by Canadian poet and long-time McGill University professor Frank Scott. The result, in my view, is heartrending. I share the poem (lyrics) here. Thereafter, I outline briefly what I take its implications for democracy to be." ~ Max Stephenson, Virginia Tech Institute for Policy and Governance
.
.
Gypsy Scholar's Imagi-Nation flag
(with lyrics from Michael Franti's "Bomb the World")